Design and pre-clinical evaluation of a universal HIV-1 vaccine.

BACKGROUND:One of the big roadblocks in development of HIV-1/AIDS vaccines is the enormous diversity of HIV-1, which could limit the value of any HIV-1 vaccine candidate currently under test.METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS:To address the HIV-1 variation, we designed a novel T cell immunogen, designated HIV(CONSV), by assembling the 14 most conserved Groom

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COPD exacerbations admitted to intensive care unit. Organization, mortality, and noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation strategies: are they sufficiently well known?

Antonio M EsquinasIntensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, SpainWe read with interest the survival analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Dishwasher Basket Clip patients who are admitted to critical care units with exacerbation, conducted in Saudi Arabia by Alaithan et al.1 This study makes an important contribution

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Adaptation of the periplasm to maintain spatial constraints essential for cell envelope processes and cell viability

The cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria consists of two membranes surrounding a periplasm and peptidoglycan layer.Molecular machines spanning the cell envelope depend on spatial constraints and load-bearing forces across the cell envelope and surface.The mechanisms dictating spatial constraints across the cell envelope remain incompletely defin

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